Ethics and Public Administration Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 2500 words

Ethics and Public Administration - Essay Example Ethics are considered as accountability principles, which the public use to scrutinize government people s work in public sector. Government people s and public manager’s decision and code of conduct are directed by ethical principles that are public’s perception of the correct actions by public managers and government people. Therefore, to ensure effectiveness and transparency in their public work, government people subscribe to various ethics theories. Government ethics debates centers on the question of whether it is moral and ethical for government people to deceive the public to acquire and maintain their power. Whereas, people cringe at the legitimating mendacity though by government people s, people have the true Walzer’s admonition that â€Å"no government people can survive in politics without getting their hands dirty. The discussion will analyze the official deception defense as outlined by Machiavelli and Walzer, ethical theories that guide political behavior and code of conduct and finally outline why government people are justified to get their hands dirty. Discussion Any debate concerning ethics in public management is fraught with controversial issues such as the apolitical service culture, conflict of interest among others. Having public ethics and theories help to put distinction that ensure that government people s act based on set moral and ethical principle. Ethics also put an extra burden on government people s concerning their behavior conduct; therefore, government ethics strive to create an increasingly open atmosphere within the public operations, (Bowie, 2002, p. 52). Ethical issues that government people s experience are complex and dynamic and these issues are unique to public service that demands public managers to take choices concerning ethical issues on regular basic. Whereas people commonly believe that government people s are naturally challenged by telling the truth, very few citizens would like to conce de that government people are on certain occasions justified to get their hands dirty, (Oberdiek, 2006, p.55). However, there are compelling circumstances and ethics on special occasions that require government people s to lie not to jeopardize public interests. As early mentioned, public services is guided by ethical theories based on the nature of their public work, for instance, some political service and behavior support deontological ethics theory. Deontological theory is a duty or obligation grounded ethics, and deontologists assert that ethical rules bind government people s to their duty and they consider the right or wrong aspect of the action and not the effects of the action consequences, (Coady, 2006, p. 31). Deontologists are concerned with the government people s’ fidelity to principles and overlook the results or outcomes of a certain act, in their moral worth determination. Kantianism or the ethical theory of Kant is considered deontological because it mainly revolves around an individual’s obligations instead of their emotional feeling and end objectives – the center of this concept is the duty of a government people or what he should do in a certain situation. Kant’s ethical theory asserts that true ethical and moral acts are grounded on the highest sense of duty and the right and fair actions but not on the self-interest or highest utility on a broader aspect (irrespective of the possible effects for government people

Organizational Behavior discusion assignment Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 3000 words

Organizational Behavior discusion - Assignment Example The Hawthorne legacy has had a strong influence in today’s workplace by setting the standards for managers to view people not as machines but as humans and attend to their individual needs; offers supportive leadership at the work place rather than pushing for results (Kinicki & Kreitner, 2006). McGregor’s Theory X assumes that most people dislike work and try to avoid it when they can, therefore they must be coerced and threatened in order to work. Theory Y on the other hand says people like work as it is a natural activity like rest or play and people are capable of self-control and self-direction when they understand the goals. Theory X goes ahead to assume that people prefer to be directed and tend to avoid responsibility and that they are only interested in security. Theory Y on the other hand people get committed when they are rewarded for it and that they will learn and seek responsibility as they are imaginative and creative. It is hard to work under Theory X ma nagers as most of them only stress on work and more work without understanding employee needs. I prefer the Theory Y managers because they understand people and they are concerned about creating positive relations that foster productivity in the organization (Kinicki & Kreitner, 2006). C. The term E-business is defined as the use of the internet to more effectively and efficiently manage every aspect of a business. Employees today have acquired skills in many areas of digital communications and these include the use of blogs, emails, social networking and other sites where users provide and refine content. In this kind of environment therefore where the employees have the control over the information that they can share and access, the role of the manager is evolving into one that aims at providing the means for collaboration that is they learn the need for team work and empowerment in independent decision making (Kinicki & Kreitner, 2006). 2. A. There are three layers of organizati onal and these include: (1) observable artifacts which are the physical manifestations of an organization culture such as manner of dress, acronyms etc. ; (2) espoused values which are states values and norms preferred by an organization; (3)basic underlying assumptions which are the things taken for granted but guide organizational behavior. There are four functions of organization culture: (1) organizational identity; (2) Collective commitment; (3) social system stability; (4) it acts as a sense making mechanism (Kinicki & Kreitner, 2006). There are four types of organizational culture according to the competing value framework each with distinct characteristics. The first is a clan culture and this has an internal focus and values flexibility: it uses employee involvement as a method of achieving flexibility. The second is an Adhocracy culture which has an external focus and values flexibility. This culture values innovation and fast responses to change. The third is a market cul ture which has a very strong external focus valuing stability and control. They are majorly driven by competition and put emphasis on customer satisfaction. The fourth and last category is the hierarchy culture that has an internal focus valuing stability and control: it lays emphasis on formal structured work in order to meet high standards (Kinicki & Kreitner, 2006). B There exist six socialization tactics used by organizations to socialize employees. Each of the tactics provides an organization with two